• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a condensation particle counter (1) having a saturation section (S) to which at least one inlet (2) for a particle laden stream of an aerosol is assigned, wherein the saturation section (S) downstream of (110) has a condensation section (K) Downstream of the measuring section (M) for condensation particles and an outlet section (A), and in the outlet section a critical nozzle (30) from which an outlet line (4) leads to a pump (3) for aspirating the aerosol, wherein in the outlet line (4 ) between the critical nozzle (30) and the pump (3) at least one valve device (70) is provided and upstream of an input of the critical nozzle (30) at least one pressure measuring device (71, 72) is arranged, wherein the outlet conduit (4) in Dependence of a measured value of the pressure measuring device (71, 72) by means of the valve device (70) is completely or partially closable. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a condensation particle counter (1).
    公开号:AT517948A4
    申请号:T740/2015
    申请日:2015-11-17
    公开日:2017-06-15
    发明作者:Ing Christos Berger Dipl；Ing Martin Cresnoverh Dipl；Kerekgyarto Gergely
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Condensation particle counter with flood protection
    The invention relates to a condensation particle counter with a saturation section, which is associated with at least one inlet for a particle-laden stream of an aerosol, the saturation section downstream of a condensation section, a measuring section for condensation particles and an outlet section are arranged and in the outlet section is a critical nozzle, of which an outlet line leads to a pump for sucking the aerosol. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a condensation particle counter.
    Condensation particle counters are optical measuring devices for detecting small solid particles with dimensions, for example in the nm range, with which a carrier gas, e.g. Air, engine exhaust etc. is loaded. This carrier gas with the particles is referred to below with the relevant technical term aerosol. Condensation particle counters are used for example in clean room technology or for measuring exhaust gas flows.
    Solid particles in the nm range are too small to be detected directly by optical means. In order to make such solid particles measurable, condensation nucleus counters are used in which the aerosol, e.g. an exhaust gas is sent through a supersaturated atmosphere. The supersaturated atmosphere is e.g. produced in which the exhaust gas is saturated with vapors of a resource and then cooled. The solid particles then serve as condensation nuclei and they are enlarged by heterogeneous condensation to the extent that they can be optically detected. The size of the solid particles from which this condensation process takes place depends on the supersaturation and is referred to as Kelvin diameter. The smaller the Kelvin diameter for a given supersaturation, the smaller can be the solid particles that result in condensation of equipment. According to specifications, e.g. statutory requirements, for example, for exhaust gases from motor vehicles, the particle size range of greater than 20 nm, typically 23 nm, to detect to 2.5 pm and the exhaust gas to a temperature of <35 ° C prior to the actual measurement to condition. Due to the condensation, the size of the particles increases, for example to about 5 pm. Particles of such size may be individually optically detected, e.g. with optical particle counters based on scattered light.
    A condensation particle counter basically consists of a saturation unit, a condensation unit and a measuring cell, as described in detail below. For example, EP 0 462 413 B, which shows a saturation unit with a cylindrical body of porous material, followed by a condensation unit and a measuring cell at a right angle, should be mentioned in the relevant state of the art. In this case, the operating fluid is provided in a cavity of the saturation unit. Losses of the operating fluid during the measuring operation are permanently compensated by external supply.
    EP 2 194 370 A1 geometrically shows a similarly constructed device in which the saturation unit has a special shut-off device in order to prevent the penetration of equipment into the measuring cell.
    WO 2012/142297 A1 shows an example of a saturation unit for a condensation particle counter, in which a porous body is penetrated by a plurality of channels through which the aerosol can flow.
    Finally, US 2013/0180321 A1 discloses a condensation particle counter of the subject type wherein a porous body has a number of recesses at its periphery to counteract undesirable capillary action between the outer wall and the porous body.
    The actual measuring cell downstream of a pump for sucking the aerosol downstream, often between the measuring cell and the pump is a critical nozzle in the flow path, as shown for example in the already mentioned EP 2,194,370 A1.
    A disadvantage of the known solutions is that it can quickly lead to flooding of the particle counter in case of problems with the supply of the aerosol - when it clogged, disconnected or otherwise misplaced the line: By working the downstream pump operating fluid sucked into sensitive areas of the meter, in particular in the measuring cell and it comes to a failure of the device.
    An object of the invention is to counteract this problem in the simplest and most reliable way possible.
    This object is achieved with a condensation particle counter of the aforementioned type according to the invention in that at least one valve device is provided in the outlet between the critical nozzle and the pump and upstream of an input of the critical nozzle at least one pressure measuring device is arranged, wherein the outlet line in response to a measured value the pressure measuring device by means of the valve device is completely or partially closed.
    Thanks to the invention, the risk that flooding and defects will occur when the aerosol supply to the meter or the flow path in the meter is installed is considerably reduced. If a problematic pressure value occurs upstream of the critical nozzle, the effect of the pumping power on the flow path in the condensation particle counter can be reduced or completely switched off so that aspiration of the operating fluid into critical areas is prevented. This will not cause damage or possibly a failure of the meter, maintenance can be reduced.
    In a variant of the invention, at least one first pressure measuring device is arranged between the inlet for the aerosol in the condensation particle counter and an inlet of the critical nozzle facing the measuring section. This can be used in a simple manner, the absolute pressure within the condensation particle counter to trigger an actuation of the valve device.
    In a further variant, instead of or in addition, a second pressure measuring device is designed as a differential pressure sensor and is preferably arranged in the inlet or upstream of the inlet. Advantageously, the second pressure measuring device measures the pressure difference between the inlet in the condensation particle counter and an ambient pressure of the condensation particle counter. According to this variant, a differential pressure measurement is used to register critical pressure conditions in the condensation particle counter.
    Particularly good results are achieved if the valve device completely or partially closes the outlet line if the measured value of the pressure measuring device falls below a predetermined pressure limit value. This can ensure that when a negative pressure in the counter occurs, the acting pump power is reduced or switched off. Such a suppression would cause the operating fluid to rise into sensitive areas and lead to lasting damage, or at least a temporary failure of the meter.
    The object of the invention is also achieved with an initially mentioned method for operating a condensation particle counter, wherein the condensation particle counter has a saturation section, which is assigned at least one inlet for a particle-laden stream of an aerosol, the saturation section downstream of a condensation section, a measuring section for condensation particles and an outlet section are arranged downstream and in the outlet section a critical nozzle, from which an outlet line leads to a pump for sucking the aerosol, in which at least one valve device is provided, wherein according to the inventive solution upstream of an input of the critical nozzle, a measured value for pressure is determined and the valve device completely or partially closes the outlet line as a function of this measured value. In principle, the determination of the measured value for the pressure or the pressure value can be carried out in any manner, either by direct measurement or by using other variables from which the pressure can be deduced. Conveniently, at least one pressure measuring device is arranged upstream of an input of the critical nozzle and determines the measured value for pressure or pressure value.
    In a variant of the invention, the valve device completely or partially closes the outlet line when the measured value falls below a predetermined pressure limit value.
    In a further variant of the invention, the absolute pressure within the condensation particle counter or a differential pressure to the surroundings of the condensation particle counter is determined as the measured value for pressure or pressure measurement value.
    The invention together with further advantages is explained below with reference to a non-limiting embodiment, which is illustrated in the drawings. In this show
    1 is a schematic simplified section through a formed according to the invention condensation particle counter,
    2 is a perspective view of a variant of a saturation body,
    3 shows a section through a further variant of a saturation body,
    4 shows a section along the plane Vl-Vl of Fig. 1,
    5 shows a section along the plane VII-VII of FIG. 1,
    6 shows a section along the plane VIII-VIII of Fig. 1, and
    Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a Überführabschnitts for the transition from an annular gap to individual channels
    With reference to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a condensation particle counter 1 formed according to the invention will be described with reference to a simplified schematic representation. A particle-laden aerosol, which originates for example from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, passes via an inlet 2, namely a line, into an inlet section E of the counter 1, from which it, here at its upper end, by means of a pump 3 via an outlet 4, namely, a line is sucked out of an outlet section A. Between the inlet section E and the outlet section A are a saturation section S, possibly an overfeed section U, an insulating section I - transfer section U and insulating section I can also be combined into one component - a condensation section K and a measuring section M. All these sections with possible variants and their function will be described in detail below.
    The inlet section E has the function of ensuring a desired flow behavior, generally a laminar flow, in the direction downstream of the flow direction 110 of the aerosol downstream saturation portion S and the subsequent condensation section K. However, the detailed design of the here schematically outlined inlet section E is not the subject of the invention.
    As can also be seen from FIG. 2, in the saturation section S, e.g. arranged a two-part saturation body 10, according to the illustrated embodiment, a hollow cylinder 5 with a with respect to a longitudinal axis 100 of the saturation body 10 concentrically arranged inner cylinder 6, the latter is also formed here as a hollow cylinder with an inner bore 7. The latter can, for example, accommodate a mechanically stabilizing and / or thermally conductive mandrel 8 (see FIG. 2) for adjusting the temperature. Between two cylinders 5 and 6, a gap 9 with an annular cross section for the flow of the particle-laden aerosol in the flow direction 110, which is indicated in Fig. 1 by arrows, left.
    As the material for the two cylinders 5, 6, which here form a two-part saturation body 10, an absorbent, porous material, for example a sintered plastic, a wick material od. Like. Used; however, in the embodiment shown, at least a portion 5n (see Fig. 2), here a sector of the hollow cylinder 5, is made of non-porous material, e.g. made of aluminum or a plastic, wherein the remaining portion 5p is made of porous material. If the porous material is not self-supporting, not shown, e.g. net-like holding structures are used. The section 5n shown in FIG. 2 has a partial cross-sectional area 51 and a material thickness with a radial partial length 131. The section 5p has a partial cross-sectional area 52 and also a material thickness with a radial partial length 131. The inner cylinder 6 has a material thickness with a radial partial length 132.
    A stored in a container 11 resources 12, such as water, an alkane or an alcohol or other suitable medium is fed via a line assembly 13 to the saturation body 10, wherein within the particle counter 1 condensed resource, for example via a line 14, a resource pump 15 and a filter 16 may be returned to the container 11 or simply discharged (not shown). At most for metering or flow control of the equipment 12 required metering or
    Valves in the lines 13, 14 are not shown for the sake of clarity.
    Only indicated, as known to those skilled in the art, are a heating unit 17 for the saturation section S, for example a heating jacket, and a tempering / cooling unit 18 for the condensation section K.
    It is further known that condensation particle counters with external equipment containers may experience problems with resource delivery due to pressure fluctuations between the pressure in the aerosol inlet or in the exhaust gas inlet to the condensation particle counter and the internal pressure in the equipment tank. Such pressure fluctuations can occur, for example, when the aerosol inlet is clogged. This can lead to unwanted disturbances of the measuring operation such as flooding of the flow path of the aerosol up to the flooding of the measuring section M with resources. Likewise, there may be an undesirable drying out of the saturation body due to disturbances in the supply of equipment.
    In order to prevent the aforementioned malfunctions and to ensure a permanent pressure equalization between the aerosol inlet 2 and the resource container 11, in the illustrated in Fig. 1 embodiment of the condensation particle counter 1, a pressure equalization line 150 between the tubular inlet 2 and the container 11 is outlined. Advantageously, the pressure equalization line 150 serves to equalize pressure differences between the aerosol inlet 2 and the resource container 11. Alternatively or in addition to this, in FIG. 1, a further pressure equalization line 151 is shown by dashed lines, which extends directly from the container 11 into the saturation body 10 and serves to equalize the pressure between the equipment container 11 and the saturation section S.
    Likewise, one or more further pressure compensation lines, which are not shown here, may be arranged between the container 11 and the condensation section K if necessary.
    The supersaturated aerosol present in the saturated section S heated to a predetermined temperature flows through the condensation section K, which has been cooled to an equally predetermined temperature, where the operating medium flows into the condensation zone K
    Aerosol condenses existing particles and thus leads to the desired particle size increase. The counting efficiency, i. the number of detected particles of a certain size is small for very small particles, then increases very rapidly, for example in the range of 15 to 35 nm particle size, e.g. at 23 nm is 50%, and is greater than 90% for larger particles, typically from 40 nm. It should also be noted that the temperature difference between the saturation section and the condensation section influences the particle size and the growth, respectively, the smaller the larger the temperature difference is, and the smaller the particles are detected.
    The solution with sections of the saturation body 10 also made of non-porous material causes an inhomogeneity of the gas saturation and allows an influence of the measured particle sizes in the direction of larger particles. This solution flattens the wake-up characteristic or the counting efficiency curve of the overall system and makes it easier to compensate for manufacturing tolerances or the fulfillment of legal requirements which determine which Kelvin diameter is to be measured.
    FIG. 3 shows that a sector-shaped portion 6n of the inner cylinder 6 with a partial cross-sectional area 61 may consist of non-porous material, the remainder of the inner cylinder being a section 6p of porous material with a partial cross-sectional area 62. It should be noted that the inner cylinder 6, which extends here in the radial direction 130 with a partial length 132, does not necessarily have to have an inner bore 7, but can also be designed as a full cylinder.
    It will be understood that various combinations of the configurations of porous and non-porous portions of mono- or multi-part saturation bodies can be selected which lead to the desired and above-stated goal, having proven useful in practical embodiments, from 5 to 50 vol.% Of the To make saturation body of non-porous material.
    Referring back to Fig. 1 and taking Beise of Figs. 4, 5 and 6 and Fig. 7 recognizes the formation of the Überführabschnittes U, which has the task, the flow from the annular gap 9 as laminar as possible in a number of downstream Transfer individual channels. For this purpose, in the embodiment shown, a ring insert 21 is provided, which on its underside, which forms the inlet side 200 of Überführabschnitts U or the ring insert 21 in mounting position in continuation of the annular gap 9 an opening 22 again in the form of an annular gap, wherein of the Top of the ring insert, which consists for example of aluminum, a number of individual channels 23, here nine individual channels 23 (in Fig. 10, five of which can be seen), open into the annular gap-shaped opening 22. The upper side of the annular insert 21 shown here in FIG. 10 forms the outlet side 210 of the transfer section U in the installed position. In a preferred embodiment, the transfer section U or its annular insert 21 is in a suitably thermally conductive connection with the saturable section S in order to prevent undesired premature condensation in this area.
    It is essential here a transition from the annular gap-shaped opening 22 into the individual channels 23 which takes place as steadily as possible in order to laminar the flow of aerosol further into individual channels 24i of the insulating section I or their continuation, namely individual channels 24k of the condensation section K, without turbulences. respectively. In this section, the individual channels 24k are formed in a condensation insert 25, in the upper region of which they are brought together again to form a single channel 26, which then opens into a separating nozzle 27, which is located in front of or in the measuring section M. It can be seen from the sections of FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 that the annular gap 9 of the saturation section S (FIG. 4) merges into individual channels 23 further up in the insulating section I (FIG. Still further above, in the region of the condensation section K, these individual channels are already closer together (FIG. 6), in order to then pass into the single single channel 26 just before the nozzle 27.
    The provided in this embodiment, but not necessarily required insulating section I with the individual channels 24i provides for a thermal separation of the saturation portion S of the condensation section K.
    In the measuring section M, the actual counting of the particles enlarged by condensation, which emerge from the separating nozzle 27 with the aerosol stream, takes place. In a known manner, a light unit 28 is provided for this purpose, e.g. a focused laser light source whose light beam strikes particles exiting the nozzle 27. The resulting scattered light is detected by a photodetector 29 and the resulting signals are forwarded to an evaluation unit, not shown. Other measuring methods can also be used here.
    The aerosol with the particles passes after the measuring section into the outlet section A, which according to the invention has a special design which is intended to prevent clogging of a critical nozzle 30 arranged at the outlet of the counter 1. This critical nozzle 30 is used in a known manner to set a constant volume flow and has a small diameter, typically 0.3 mm, with the risk that during operation, the escaping particles move this small opening and thus affect the accuracy or the Make measurement impossible.
    In order to counteract this disadvantage, an outlet line 31 from the measuring section M ends in the outlet section A in a narrowed region 32 which opens into a particle catching chamber 34 with a sharp swirling edge 33. The narrowed region 32 and additionally the swirling edge 33 lead to a swirling of the aerosol stream, which favors a deposition of particles, especially in the lower edge region 35 of the particle catching chamber, where (FIG. 1) deposited particles are indicated.
    In order to effectively prevent unwanted disturbances of the measuring operation as described above, such as the flooding of the flow path of the aerosol up to the flooding of the measuring section M with operating means, which in the case of pressure fluctuations due to e.g. Clogging of the aerosol inlet 2 may occur, the following solution is provided: Between the critical nozzle 30 - strictly speaking, between the outlet of the nozzle 30 facing away from the measuring section M - and the pump 3, at least one adjustable valve device 70 is provided. The valve device 70 can be adjusted in dependence on a default value so that the outlet line in the region between the critical nozzle 30 and pump 3 is partially or completely closed.
    In this case, the measured value of a pressure measuring device 71, 72, which is arranged upstream of an input of the critical nozzle 30 -in this case an inlet of the nozzle 30 facing the measuring section M-serves as the default value.
    The pressure measuring device 71, 72 determines a pressure reading, which is compared with a predetermined pressure limit. In the embodiment discussed here, the outlet line 4 is completely or partially closed when the pressure reading falls below the pressure limit. The processing of the measurement results and output of the manipulated variable to the valve device 70 is carried out by a control unit, not shown, which may be, for example, the control unit of the condensation particle counter 1.
    Thus, the pumping action is reduced or switched off when it comes to a negative pressure in the condensation particle counter 1, which could cause flooding of the counter and damaging sensitive parts.
    The pressure measuring device 71, 72 may be a first pressure measuring device 71, which is arranged between the inlet 2 for the aerosol in the condensation particle counter 1 and the above-described inlet of the critical nozzle 30. For this purpose, any pressure sensor can be used which can measure an absolute pressure, or from the measurement of which an absolute pressure value can be determined. The first pressure measuring device 71 thus measures the absolute pressure in the gas path within the condensation particle counter 1.
    In a variant of the invention, instead of or in addition, a second pressure measuring device 72 may be provided which is arranged in the inlet 2 or upstream of the inlet 2 and designed as a differential pressure sensor. In this case, the pressure difference between the inlet 2 and an ambient pressure of the condensation particle counter 1 is determined and used as a pressure measurement.
    The first 71 and second pressure measuring means 72 may be provided alone or in combination with each other. The provision of further pressure measuring devices in the above range is possible. It is also possible that the second pressure measuring device 72 is arranged as a differential pressure sensor similar to the first pressure measuring device 71 in the gas path within the condensation particle counter 1.
    The invention thus permits a method for operating a condensation particle counter 1, in which a measured value for pressure or pressure value is determined upstream of the critical nozzle 30 and a valve device 70 completely or partially closes the outlet line 4 as a function of this measured value-preferably if the measured value falls below a predetermined pressure limit. Basically, the pressure value can be determined arbitrarily - directly or from other, available values. Preferably, at least one pressure measuring device 71, 72 is provided for this purpose. As a measured value for pressure or pressure value of the absolute pressure within the condensation particle counter 1 can be used as well as a differential pressure to the environment of the condensation particle counter.
    In this case, e.g. in a first underflow region, which is close to the pressure limit value, a reduction in cross-section of the outlet line 4 by the valve device 70 takes place and a complete shut-off of the outlet line 4 takes place only when the pressure limit falls below the pressure limit value. But it is also possible that immediately when falling below the pressure limit, the outlet 4 is completely shut off.
    The invention prevents damage to the condensation particle counter 1 when e.g. By misplacing or clogging the aerosol supply line or within the counter to a negative pressure that would cause flooding with resources.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Condensation particle counter (1) having a saturation section (S) to which at least one inlet (2) for a particle-laden stream of an aerosol is assigned, the saturation section (S) downstream (110) having a condensation section (K), a measuring section ( M) are arranged downstream of condensation particles and an outlet section (A) and in the outlet section a critical nozzle (30) from which an outlet line (4) leads to a pump (3) for sucking off the aerosol, characterized in that in the outlet line ( 4) between the critical nozzle (30) and the pump (3) at least one valve device (70) is provided and upstream of an input of the critical nozzle (30) at least one pressure measuring device (71, 72) is arranged, wherein the outlet line (4) as a function of a measured value of the pressure measuring device (71, 72) by means of the valve device (70) is completely or partially closable.
    [2]
    2. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first pressure measuring device (71) between the inlet (2) for the aerosol in the condensation particle counter (1) and the measuring section (M) facing the inlet of the critical nozzle (30 ) is arranged.
    [3]
    3. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one second pressure measuring device (72) designed as a differential pressure sensor and preferably in the inlet (2) or upstream of the inlet (2) is arranged.
    [4]
    4. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second pressure measuring device (72) measures the pressure difference between the inlet (2) in the condensation particle counter (1) and an ambient pressure of the condensation particle counter (1).
    [5]
    5. Condensation particle counter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve device (70) the outlet line (4) completely or partially closes when the measured value of the pressure measuring device (71, 72) falls below a predetermined pressure limit.
    [6]
    6. A method for operating a condensation particle counter (1) having a saturation section (S), to which at least one inlet (2) for a particle-laden stream of an aerosol is assigned, wherein the saturation section (S) downstream (110) has a condensation section (K). , a measuring section (M) for condensation particles and an outlet section (A) are arranged downstream and in the outlet section a critical nozzle (30), from which an outlet line (4) leads to a pump (3) for sucking the aerosol, in the at least one Valve device (70) is provided, characterized in that upstream of an input of the critical nozzle (30) a measured value for pressure is determined and the valve device (70) in dependence of this measured value, the outlet line (4) completely or partially closes.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that upstream of an input of the critical nozzle (30) at least one pressure measuring device (71, 72) is arranged and determines the measured value for pressure.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the valve device (70) the outlet line (4) completely or partially closes when the measured value falls below a predetermined pressure limit.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that as measured value for pressure, the absolute pressure within the condensation particle counter (1) or a differential pressure to the environment of the condensation particle counter (1) is determined.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE112016005270A5|2018-07-26|
    US11169070B2|2021-11-09|
    AT517948B1|2017-06-15|
    WO2017085184A1|2017-05-26|
    US20200271562A1|2020-08-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA740/2015A|AT517948B1|2015-11-17|2015-11-17|Condensation particle counter with flood protection|ATA740/2015A| AT517948B1|2015-11-17|2015-11-17|Condensation particle counter with flood protection|
    DE112016005270.7T| DE112016005270A5|2015-11-17|2016-11-17|Condensation particle counter with flood protection|
    PCT/EP2016/078002| WO2017085184A1|2015-11-17|2016-11-17|Condensation particle counter with flood protection|
    US15/776,080| US11169070B2|2015-11-17|2016-11-17|Condensation particle counter with flood protection|
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